Chemoresistance to paclitaxel induces epithelial mesenchymal transition and enhances metastatic

 

 

Chemoresistance to paclitaxel induces epithelial mesenchymal transition and enhances metastatic
potential for epithelial ovarian carcinoma cells

 

HIROAKI KAJIYAMA, KIYOSUMI SHIBATA, MIKIO TERAUCHI, MAMORU YAMASHITA, KAZUHIKO INO, AKIHIRO NAWA and FUMITAKA KIKKAWA

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsuruma-cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
Received March 22, 2007; Accepted May 9, 2007

 

Abstract.

The aim of this study was to assess paclitaxel resistant-epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) cells for cellular
morphology, motility, and molecular changes consistent with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The human EOC
cell lines NOS-2, TAOV and SKOV-3 were continuously exposed to increasing doses of paclitaxel to establish three
stable cell lines resistant to paclitaxel (NOS-PR, TAOV-PR, and SKOV-PR cells, respectively). Using these cell lines,
cellular functions such as motility, invasive ability, and proliferative potential were assessed. Several molecules
involved in EMT or cell invasiveness were assessed using Western blot analysis. In a peritoneal metastasis model using mice inoculated with NOS-2 or NOS-PR cells, we investigated the differences of peritoneal dissemination and survival time. NOS2-PR cells showed phenotypic changes consistent with EMT; with spindle-shaped morphology and enhanced pseudopodia formation. Western blot analysis revealed decreased expression of the epithelial adhesion molecule, E-cadherin and an increase in mesenchymal markers such as vimentin, fibronectin and smooth-muscle actin in NOS-PR cells compared to NOS-2 cells. The NOS2-PR cells displayed increased expression of Snail and Twist, EMT-regulatory transcription factors. Migratory potential in a wound assay and metastatic potential to the peritoneum of mice were markedly enhanced in NOS2-PR cells compared to NOS-2 cells. These data suggest that there is a possible link between chronic paclitaxelresistance and induction of the EMT in EOC cells. It is possible that therapeutic benefits such as the restoration of chemosensitivity or suppression of metastasis will be enabled by gaining further insight into the mechanisms underlying chemoresistance and EMT.

 

Paclitaxel is a mitotic inhibitor used in cancer chemotherapy.